added vertex buffer

res/cube.mtl

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Blender 3.5.0 MTL File: 'None'
+# www.blender.org

res/cube.obj

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Blender 3.5.0
+# www.blender.org
+mtllib cube.mtl
+o Cube
+v -1.000000 -1.000000 1.000000
+v -1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
+v -1.000000 -1.000000 -1.000000
+v -1.000000 1.000000 -1.000000
+v 1.000000 -1.000000 1.000000
+v 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
+v 1.000000 -1.000000 -1.000000
+v 1.000000 1.000000 -1.000000
+s 0
+f 2 3 1
+f 4 7 3
+f 8 5 7
+f 6 1 5
+f 7 1 3
+f 4 6 8
+f 2 4 3
+f 4 8 7
+f 8 6 5
+f 6 2 1
+f 7 5 1
+f 4 2 6

res/sphere.mtl

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Blender 3.5.0 MTL File: 'None'
+# www.blender.org

src/shader/pathtracing/camera.rs

@@ -3,21 +3,21 @@ use cgmath::prelude::*;
 use cgmath::{Rad, Vector2, Vector3};
 
 pub struct Camera {
-    front: Vector3<f32>,
+    pub(crate) front: Vector3<f32>,
-    left: Vector3<f32>,
+    pub(crate) left: Vector3<f32>,
-    up: Vector3<f32>,
+    pub(crate) up: Vector3<f32>,
-    pos: Vector3<f32>,
+    pub(crate) pos: Vector3<f32>,
-    fov: f32,
+    pub(crate) fov: f32,
 }
 
 impl Camera {
 
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
-            front: Vector3::new(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
+            front: Vector3::new(0.0, 0.0, -1.0),
             left: Vector3::new(1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
-            up: Vector3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+            up: Vector3::new(0.0, -1.0, 0.0),
-            pos: Vector3::new(0.0, 0.0, -4.0),
+            pos: Vector3::new(0.0, 0.0, 9.0),
             fov: 90.0f32
         }
     }

src/shader/pathtracing/mod.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use vulkano::memory::allocator::{AllocationCreateInfo, MemoryUsage, StandardMemo
 use vulkano::padded::Padded;
 use vulkano::pipeline::{ComputePipeline, Pipeline, PipelineBindPoint};
 use vulkano::sync::GpuFuture;
+use crate::shader::pathtracing::camera::Camera;
 use crate::vulkan::Renderer;
 
 pub(crate) mod cs {
@@ -36,8 +37,9 @@ pub struct PathtracerPipeline {
     raw_image:  Subbuffer<[[f32; 4]]>,
     seconds: Instant,
     uniform_buffer: Arc<SubbufferAllocator>,
-    vertex_buffer: Subbuffer<[[f32; 3]]>,
+    vertex_buffer: Subbuffer<[[f32; 4]]>,
     index_buffer: Subbuffer<[u32]>,
+    camera: Camera
 }
 
 impl PathtracerPipeline {
@@ -79,7 +81,8 @@ impl PathtracerPipeline {
             uniform_buffer: Arc::new(uniform_buffer),
             vertex_buffer,
             index_buffer,
-            seconds: Instant::now()
+            seconds: Instant::now(),
+            camera: Camera::new()
         };
     }
 
@@ -118,13 +121,13 @@ impl PathtracerPipeline {
         builder: &mut AutoCommandBufferBuilder<PrimaryAutoCommandBuffer,Arc<StandardCommandBufferAllocator>>
     ) {
         let camera = cs::Camera {
-            front: Padded::from([0f32, 0f32, 1f32]),
+            front: Padded::from(Into::<[f32; 3]>::into(self.camera.front)),
-            left: Padded::from([1f32, 0f32, 0f32]),
+            left: Padded::from(Into::<[f32; 3]>::into(self.camera.left)),
-            up: Padded::from([0f32, 1f32, 0f32]),
+            up: Padded::from(Into::<[f32; 3]>::into(self.camera.up)),
 
-            position: [0f32, 0f32, -12f32],
+            position: Into::<[f32; 3]>::into(self.camera.pos),
 
-            fov: 90f32
+            fov: self.camera.fov,
         };
 
         let subbuffer = self.uniform_buffer.allocate_sized().unwrap();
@@ -188,35 +191,33 @@ fn create_image(memory_allocator: &StandardMemoryAllocator, queue: &Arc<Queue>,
     (raw_image, image)
 }
 
-fn load_example_scene() -> (Vec<[f32; 3]>, Vec<u32>) {
+fn load_example_scene() -> (Vec<[f32; 4]>, Vec<u32>) {
     let (mut models, materials) = tobj::load_obj("res/example-scene.obj", &tobj::GPU_LOAD_OPTIONS).expect("unable to load scene from obj");
 
-    let mut vertices:Vec<[f32; 3]> = Vec::new();
+    let mut vertices:Vec<[f32; 4]> = vec![];
-    let mut indices:Vec<u32> = Vec::new();
+    let mut indices:Vec<u32> = vec![];
 
     for model in models.iter_mut() {
-        let num_triangles = model.mesh.positions.len() / 3;
+        let offset = vertices.len() as u32;
 
-        for triangle_index in 0..num_triangles {
+        for vertex_index in (0..model.mesh.positions.len()).step_by(3) {
-            let vertex_index = triangle_index * 3;
             vertices.push([
                 model.mesh.positions[vertex_index],
                 model.mesh.positions[vertex_index + 1],
-                model.mesh.positions[vertex_index + 2]
+                model.mesh.positions[vertex_index + 2],
+                0.0
             ]);
         }
 
         for index in model.mesh.indices.iter() {
-            indices.push(*index);
+            indices.push(*index + offset);
         }
-
-        // model.mesh.indices.iter_mut().for_each(|i| indices.push(*i));
     }
 
     (vertices, indices)
 }
 
-fn create_gpu_buffer(vertices: &Vec<[f32; 3]>, indices: &Vec<u32>, memory_allocator: &StandardMemoryAllocator) -> (Subbuffer<[[f32; 3]]>, Subbuffer<[u32]>) {
+fn create_gpu_buffer(vertices: &Vec<[f32; 4]>, indices: &Vec<u32>, memory_allocator: &StandardMemoryAllocator) -> (Subbuffer<[[f32; 4]]>, Subbuffer<[u32]>) {
     let vertex_buffer = Buffer::from_iter(
         memory_allocator,
         BufferCreateInfo {

src/shader/pathtracing/pathtracer.comp

@@ -25,6 +25,45 @@ uint get_pixel_index() {
     return gl_GlobalInvocationID.y * uint(program_metadata.resolution.x) + gl_GlobalInvocationID.x;
 }
 
+vec3 project(in vec3 a, in vec3 b) {
+    return a * (dot(a, b) / dot(a, a));
+}
+
+void construct_orthonormal_basis(in vec3 up, out vec3 u, out vec3 v, out vec3 w) {
+    u = normalize(up);
+
+    vec3 n2 = vec3(1) - u;
+    vec3 n3 = vec3(1) - u.zxy;
+
+    vec3 w2 = normalize(n2 - (project(u, n2)));
+    vec3 w3 = normalize(n3 - project(u, n3) - project(w2, n3));
+
+    v = w2;
+    w = w3;
+}
+
+vec3 cosine_weighted_hemisphere() {
+    float u1 = random();
+    float u2 = random();
+
+    float r = sqrt(u1);
+    float theta = 2 * 3.1415926535 * u2;
+
+    float x = r * cos(theta);
+    float y = r * sin(theta);
+
+    return vec3(x, y, sqrt(1.0 - u1));
+}
+
+vec3 generate_diffuse_ray_direction(in vec3 nor) {
+    vec3 hemisphere = cosine_weighted_hemisphere();
+
+    vec3 u, v, w;
+    construct_orthonormal_basis(nor, u, v, w);
+
+    return normalize(u * hemisphere.x + v * hemisphere.y + w * hemisphere.z);
+}
+
 void main() {
     init_random_state(floatBitsToInt(program_metadata.seconds));
 
@@ -34,10 +73,20 @@ void main() {
 
     vec3 color = vec3(0);
 
-    vec4 result = intersect_scene(camera_ray);
+    Hit result = intersect_scene(camera_ray);
 
-    if (result.a == 1.0) {
+    if (result.depth < camera_ray.far) {
-        color = vec3(result.y, result.z, 0);
+        Ray ao;
+        ao.origin = camera_ray.origin + camera_ray.direction * result.depth;
+        ao.direction = generate_diffuse_ray_direction(result.nor);
+        ao.near = 1e-3;
+        ao.far = 1e3;
+
+        Hit r2 = intersect_scene(ao);
+
+        if (r2.depth > 1.0) {
+            color = vec3(1);
+        }
     }
 
     // index of the current pixel as array index

src/shader/pathtracing/raytracing/raytracing.glsl

@@ -7,42 +7,54 @@ struct Ray {
     float far;
 };
 
+struct Hit {
+    vec3 nor;
+    vec2 uv;
+    float depth;
+};
+
 layout(set = 0, binding = 3) buffer VertexBuffer {
-    vec3 vertices[];
+    vec4 vertices[];
 };
 
 layout(set = 0, binding = 4) buffer IndexBuffer {
     uint indices[];
 };
 
-vec3 intersect_triangle(in Ray ray, in vec3 v0, in vec3 v1, in vec3 v2) {
+vec3 intersect_triangle(in Ray ray, in vec3 v0, in vec3 v1, in vec3 v2, out vec3 n) {
     vec3 v1v0 = v1 - v0;
     vec3 v2v0 = v2 - v0;
     vec3 rov0 = ray.origin - v0;
-    vec3  n = cross(v1v0, v2v0);
+    n = cross(v1v0, v2v0);
+
     vec3  q = cross(rov0, ray.direction);
     float d = 1.0 / dot(ray.direction, n);
     float u = d * dot( -q, v2v0);
     float v = d * dot(  q, v1v0);
     float t = d * dot( -n, rov0);
 
-    t = min(u, min(v, min(1.0 - (u + v), t)));
+    if(u < 0.0 || v < 0.0 || (u+v) > 1.0 || d > 0.0)
+        t = -1.0;
 
-    return vec3( t, u, v );
+    return vec3(t, u, v);
 }
 
-vec4 intersect_scene(in Ray ray) {
+Hit intersect_scene(in Ray ray) {
-    vec4 hit = vec4(ray.far, -1, -1, 0);
+    Hit hit;
+    hit.depth = ray.far;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < indices.length(); i += 3) {
-        vec3 v0 = vertices[indices[i]];
+        vec3 v0 = vertices[indices[i]].xyz;
-        vec3 v1 = vertices[indices[i + 1]];
+        vec3 v1 = vertices[indices[i + 1]].xyz;
-        vec3 v2 = vertices[indices[i + 2]];
+        vec3 v2 = vertices[indices[i + 2]].xyz;
 
-        vec3 result = intersect_triangle(ray, v0, v1, v2);
+        vec3 n;
+        vec3 result = intersect_triangle(ray, v0, v1, v2, n);
 
-        if (result.x > ray.near && result.x < hit.x) {
+        if (result.x > ray.near && result.x < hit.depth) {
-            hit = vec4(result, 1);
+            hit.uv = result.yz;
+            hit.depth = result.x;
+            hit.nor = n;
         }
     }
 

src/vulkan/mod.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ mod device;
 pub(crate) mod textured_quad;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::Instant;
 use vulkano::device::{Device};
 use vulkano::image::{ImageAccess, ImageUsage, SwapchainImage};
 use vulkano::instance::{Instance, InstanceCreateInfo};
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ use vulkano::image::view::ImageView;
 use vulkano::pipeline::graphics::viewport::Viewport;
 use vulkano::render_pass::{Framebuffer, FramebufferCreateInfo, RenderPass};
 use vulkano::sync::{FlushError, GpuFuture};
-use winit::event::{Event, WindowEvent};
+use winit::event::{Event, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent};
 use crate::shader::composite::TextureDrawPipeline;
 use crate::shader::pathtracing::PathtracerPipeline;
 
@@ -133,6 +134,8 @@ pub fn init() {
 
     let mut now_keys = [false; 255];
 
+    let mut start_frame = Instant::now();
+
     event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
         match event {
             Event::WindowEvent {
@@ -172,6 +175,8 @@ pub fn init() {
                 }
             },
             Event::RedrawEventsCleared => {
+                let elapsed = (Instant::now() - start_frame).as_secs_f32();
+
                 // Do not draw the frame when the screen dimensions are zero. On Windows, this can
                 // occur when minimizing the application.
                 let window = surface.object().unwrap().downcast_ref::<Window>().unwrap();
@@ -280,6 +285,8 @@ pub fn init() {
                         // previous_frame_end = Some(sync::now(device.clone()).boxed());
                     }
                 }
+
+                start_frame = Instant::now();
             }
             _ => (),
         }