added driver test

fixed memory leaks
added hello world test

.env

@@ -1 +1 @@
-SDK=0.2.5-alpine-3.19.1
+SDK=0.2.6-alpine-3.19.1

Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-FROM servostar/gemstone:sdk-0.2.5-alpine-3.19.1
+FROM servostar/gemstone:sdk-0.2.6-alpine-3.19.1
 LABEL authors="servostar"
-LABEL version="0.2.5"
+LABEL version="0.2.6"
 LABEL description="docker image for setting up the build pipeline on SDK"
 LABEL website="https://github.com/Servostar/gemstone"
 

sdk/Dockerfile

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 FROM alpine:3.19.1
 LABEL authors="servostar"
-LABEL version="0.2.5"
+LABEL version="0.2.6"
 LABEL description="base image for building the gemstone programming language compiler"
 LABEL website="https://github.com/Servostar/gemstone"
 
 # install dependencies
-RUN apk add build-base gcc make cmake bison flex git python3 graphviz glib glib-dev llvm17-libs llvm17-dev
+RUN apk add build-base gcc clang make cmake bison flex git python3 graphviz glib glib-dev llvm17-libs llvm17-dev
 
 # create user for build
 RUN adduser --disabled-password lorang

src/cfg/opt.c

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ TargetConfig* default_target_config() {
     config->print_ast = false;
     config->print_asm = false;
     config->print_ir = false;
-    config->driver = DEFAULT_DRIVER;
+    config->driver = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceOpt, DEFAULT_DRIVER);
     config->mode = Application;
     config->archive_directory = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceOpt, "archive");
     config->output_directory = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceOpt, "bin");
@@ -169,9 +169,10 @@ TargetConfig* default_target_config_from_args() {
         }
     }
 
-    // TODO: free vvvvvvvvvvvvv
     char* cwd = g_get_current_dir();
-    g_array_append_val(config->link_search_paths, cwd);
+    char* cached_cwd = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceOpt, cwd);
+    g_array_append_val(config->link_search_paths, cached_cwd);
+    free(cwd);
 
     if (is_option_set("link-paths")) {
         const Option* opt = get_option("link-paths");
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ TargetConfig* default_target_config_from_args() {
             while((end = strchr(start, ',')) != NULL) {
 
                 const int len = end - start;
-                char* link_path = malloc(len + 1);
+                char* link_path = mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceOpt, len + 1);
                 memcpy(link_path, start, len);
                 link_path[len] = 0;
 
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ TargetConfig* default_target_config_from_args() {
 
             const int len = strlen(start);
             if (len > 0) {
-                char* link_path = malloc(len + 1);
+                char* link_path = mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceOpt, len + 1);
                 memcpy(link_path, start, len);
                 link_path[len] = 0;
 
@@ -213,7 +214,7 @@ TargetConfig* default_target_config_from_args() {
             print_message(Warning, "Got more than one file to compile, using first, ignoring others.");
         }
 
-        config->root_module = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceOpt, ((char**) files->data) [0]);
+        config->root_module = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceOpt, g_array_index(files, char*, 0));
     }
 
     char* default_import_path = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceOpt, ".");
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ TargetConfig* default_target_config_from_args() {
             while((end = strchr(start, ',')) != NULL) {
 
                 const int len = end - start;
-                char* import_path = malloc(len + 1);
+                char* import_path = mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceOpt, len + 1);
                 memcpy(import_path, start, len);
                 import_path[len] = 0;
 
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ TargetConfig* default_target_config_from_args() {
 
             const int len = strlen(start);
             if (len > 0) {
-                char* import_path = malloc(len + 1);
+                char* import_path = mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceOpt, len + 1);
                 memcpy(import_path, start, len);
                 import_path[len] = 0;
 
@@ -382,7 +383,7 @@ static int get_mode_from_str(TargetCompilationMode* mode, const char* name) {
         *mode = Library;
         return PROJECT_OK;
     }
-    printf("Invalid project configuration, mode is invalid: %s\n\n", name);
+    print_message(Error, "Invalid project configuration, mode is invalid: %s", name);
     return PROJECT_SEMANTIC_ERR;
 }
 
@@ -413,11 +414,13 @@ static int parse_target(const ProjectConfig *config, const toml_table_t *target_
         return err;
     }
     char* cwd = g_get_current_dir();
+    char* cached_cwd = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceOpt, cwd);
+    free(cwd);
 
-    g_array_append_val(target_config->link_search_paths, cwd);
+    g_array_append_val(target_config->link_search_paths, cached_cwd);
     get_array(target_config->link_search_paths, target_table, "link-paths");
 
-    g_array_append_val(target_config->import_paths, cwd);
+    g_array_append_val(target_config->import_paths, cached_cwd);
     get_array(target_config->import_paths, target_table, "import-paths");
 
     g_hash_table_insert(config->targets, target_config->name, target_config);
@@ -436,14 +439,14 @@ static int parse_targets(ProjectConfig *config, const toml_table_t *root) {
 
     config->targets = mem_new_g_hash_table(MemoryNamespaceOpt, g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_TARGETS_PER_PROJECT; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < toml_table_ntab(targets); i++) {
         const char *key = toml_key_in(targets, i);
 
         if (key == NULL)
             break;
 
         toml_table_t *target = toml_table_in(targets, key);
-        parse_target(config, target, key);
+        parse_target(config, target, mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceOpt, (char*) key));
     }
 
     return PROJECT_OK;
@@ -455,8 +458,7 @@ int load_project_config(ProjectConfig *config) {
     FILE *config_file = fopen(PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE, "r");
     if (config_file == NULL) {
         print_message(Error, "Cannot open file %s: %s", PROJECT_CONFIG_FILE, strerror(errno));
-        INFO("project file not found");
+        return PROJECT_SEMANTIC_ERR;
-        return PROJECT_TOML_ERR;
     }
 
     char err_buf[TOML_ERROR_MSG_BUF];
@@ -464,21 +466,24 @@ int load_project_config(ProjectConfig *config) {
     toml_table_t *conf = toml_parse_file(config_file, err_buf, sizeof(err_buf));
     fclose(config_file);
 
-    if (conf == NULL) {
+    if (conf != NULL) {
-        print_message(Error, "Invalid project configuration: %s", err_buf);
+        int status = PROJECT_SEMANTIC_ERR;
-        return PROJECT_SEMANTIC_ERR;
-    }
-
         toml_table_t *project = toml_table_in(conf, "project");
-    if (project == NULL) {
+
+        if (project != NULL) {
+            if (parse_project_table(config, project) == PROJECT_OK) {
+                status = parse_targets(config, conf);
+            }
+        } else {
             print_message(Error, "Invalid project configuration: missing project table.");
         }
 
-    if (parse_project_table(config, project) == PROJECT_OK) {
+        toml_free(conf);
-        return parse_targets(config, conf);
+        return status;
+    } else {
+        print_message(Error, "Invalid project configuration: %s", err_buf);
     }
 
-    toml_free(conf);
     return PROJECT_SEMANTIC_ERR;
 }
 
@@ -497,7 +502,7 @@ void delete_target_config(TargetConfig* config) {
     }
     if (config->link_search_paths) {
         for (guint i = 0; i < config->link_search_paths->len; i++) {
-            free(g_array_index(config->link_search_paths, char*, i));
+            mem_free(g_array_index(config->link_search_paths, char*, i));
         }
     }
     mem_free(config);
@@ -527,7 +532,7 @@ void delete_project_config(ProjectConfig* config) {
             delete_target_config(val);
         }
 
-        g_hash_table_destroy(config->targets);
+        mem_free(config->targets);
     }
 
     mem_free_from(MemoryNamespaceOpt, config);
@@ -545,3 +550,16 @@ ProjectConfig* default_project_config() {
 
     return config;
 }
+
+static void* toml_cached_malloc(size_t bytes) {
+    return mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceTOML, bytes);
+}
+
+static void toml_cached_free(void* ptr) {
+    mem_free(ptr);
+}
+
+void init_toml() {
+    INFO("setting up cached memory for TOML C99...");
+    toml_set_memutil(toml_cached_malloc, toml_cached_free);
+}

src/cfg/opt.h

@@ -186,4 +186,6 @@ const Option* get_option(const char* option);
 [[nodiscard("must be freed")]]
 GArray* get_non_options_after(const char* command);
 
+void init_toml();
+
 #endif //GEMSTONE_OPT_H

src/compiler.c

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 #include <llvm/backend.h>
 #include <mem/cache.h>
 #include <set/set.h>
-#include <link/lib.h>
 
 #define GRAPHVIZ_FILE_EXTENSION "gv"
 
@@ -166,13 +165,18 @@ static void run_backend_codegen(const Module* module, const TargetConfig* target
     print_message(Info, "Compilation finished successfully");
 
     err = deinit_backend();
+    if (err.kind != Success) {
+        ERROR("Unable to deinit backend: %s", err.impl.message);
+    }
 }
 
 const char* get_absolute_import_path(const TargetConfig* config, const char* import_target_name) {
     INFO("resolving absolute path for import target: %s", import_target_name);
 
     if (!g_str_has_suffix(import_target_name, ".gsc")) {
-        import_target_name = g_strjoin("", import_target_name, ".gsc", NULL);
+        char* full_filename = g_strjoin("", import_target_name, ".gsc", NULL);
+        import_target_name = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceLld, full_filename);
+        g_free(full_filename);
     }
 
     for (guint i = 0; i < config->import_paths->len; i++) {
@@ -185,15 +189,16 @@ const char* get_absolute_import_path(const TargetConfig* config, const char* imp
         const gboolean exists = g_file_test(canonical, G_FILE_TEST_EXISTS);
         const gboolean is_dir = g_file_test(canonical, G_FILE_TEST_IS_DIR);
 
+        char* cached_canonical = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceLld, canonical);
+
         g_free(path);
         g_free(cwd);
+        g_free(canonical);
 
         if (exists && !is_dir) {
-            INFO("import target found at: %s", canonical);
+            INFO("import target found at: %s", cached_canonical);
-            return canonical;
+            return cached_canonical;
         }
-
-        g_free(canonical);
     }
 
     // file not found
@@ -233,7 +238,9 @@ static int compile_module_with_dependencies(ModuleFileStack *unit, ModuleFile* f
                 g_hash_table_insert(imports, (gpointer) path, NULL);
 
                 gchar* directory = g_path_get_dirname(path);
-                g_array_append_val(target->import_paths, directory);
+                gchar* cached_directory = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceLld, directory);
+                g_free(directory);
+                g_array_append_val(target->import_paths, cached_directory);
             }
         }
     } else {
@@ -323,7 +330,7 @@ static void build_project_targets(ModuleFileStack *unit, const ProjectConfig *co
 
     if (targets != NULL) {
         for (guint i = 0; i < targets->len; i++) {
-            const char *target_name = (((Option*) targets->data) + i)->string;
+            const char *target_name = g_array_index(targets, const char*, i);
 
             if (g_hash_table_contains(config->targets, target_name)) {
                 build_target(unit, g_hash_table_lookup(config->targets, target_name));
@@ -332,7 +339,7 @@ static void build_project_targets(ModuleFileStack *unit, const ProjectConfig *co
             }
         }
 
-        g_array_free(targets, FALSE);
+        mem_free(targets);
     } else {
         print_message(Error, "No targets specified.");
     }

src/io/files.c

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ ModuleFile *push_file(ModuleFileStack *stack, const char *path) {
 
     // lazy init of heap stack
     if (stack->files == NULL) {
-        stack->files = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(ModuleFile*));
+        stack->files = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceStatic, sizeof(ModuleFile*));
     }
 
     ModuleFile* new_file = mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceStatic, sizeof(ModuleFile));
@@ -66,9 +66,10 @@ void delete_files(ModuleFileStack *stack) {
             fclose(file->handle);
         }
 
+        mem_free((void*) file);
     }
 
-    g_array_free(stack->files, TRUE);
+    mem_free(stack->files);
     DEBUG("deleted module file stack");
 }
 
@@ -330,8 +331,11 @@ const char *get_absolute_path(const char *path) {
     DEBUG("resolving absolute path of: %s", path);
 
     char* cwd = g_get_current_dir();
-    char* canoical = g_canonicalize_filename(path, cwd);
+    char* canonical = g_canonicalize_filename(path, cwd);
     g_free(cwd);
 
-    return canoical;
+    char* cached_canonical = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceStatic, canonical);
+    g_free(canonical);
+
+    return cached_canonical;
 }

src/llvm/backend.c

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <llvm/backend.h>
 #include <llvm/parser.h>
 #include <sys/log.h>
+#include <mem/cache.h>
 
 Target create_native_target() {
     DEBUG("creating native target...");
@@ -54,7 +55,11 @@ static char* create_target_output_name(const TargetConfig* config) {
         prefix = "lib";
     }
 
-    return g_strjoin("", prefix, config->name, NULL);
+    char* name = g_strjoin("", prefix, config->name, NULL);
+    char* cached_name = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceLlvm, name);
+    g_free(name);
+
+    return cached_name;
 }
 
 Target create_target_from_config(const TargetConfig* config) {

src/llvm/link/lld.c

@@ -19,19 +19,19 @@ const char* get_absolute_link_path(const TargetConfig* config, const char* link_
         char* path = g_build_filename(link_directory_path, link_target_name, NULL);
         char* cwd = g_get_current_dir();
         char* canonical = g_canonicalize_filename(path, cwd);
+        char* cached_canonical = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceLld, canonical);
 
         const gboolean exists = g_file_test(canonical, G_FILE_TEST_EXISTS);
         const gboolean is_dir = g_file_test(canonical, G_FILE_TEST_IS_DIR);
 
         g_free(path);
         g_free(cwd);
+        g_free(canonical);
 
         if (exists && !is_dir) {
-            INFO("link target found at: %s", canonical);
+            INFO("link target found at: %s", cached_canonical);
-            return canonical;
+            return cached_canonical;
         }
-
-        g_free(canonical);
     }
 
     // file not found
@@ -44,26 +44,33 @@ TargetLinkConfig* lld_create_link_config(__attribute__((unused)) const Target* t
     TargetLinkConfig* config = mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceLld, sizeof(TargetLinkConfig));
 
     config->fatal_warnings = target_config->lld_fatal_warnings;
-    config->object_file_names = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(char*));
+    config->object_file_names = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceLld, sizeof(char*));
     config->colorize = stdout_supports_ansi_esc();
     config->driver = target_config->driver;
 
     // append build object file
     char* basename = g_strjoin(".", target_config->name, "o", NULL);
     char* filename = g_build_filename(target_config->archive_directory, basename, NULL);
+    g_free(basename);
     const char* target_object = get_absolute_link_path(target_config, (const char*) filename);
     if (target_object == NULL) {
         ERROR("failed to resolve path to target object: %s", filename);
+        g_free(filename);
         lld_delete_link_config(config);
+        g_free(filename);
         return NULL;
     }
+    g_free(filename);
 
     {
         // output file after linking
         basename = g_strjoin(".", target_config->name, "out", NULL);
         filename = g_build_filename(target_config->output_directory, basename, NULL);
 
-        config->output_file = filename;
+        config->output_file = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceLld, filename);
+
+        g_free(basename);
+        g_free(filename);
     }
 
     g_array_append_val(config->object_file_names, target_object);
@@ -81,8 +88,10 @@ TargetLinkConfig* lld_create_link_config(__attribute__((unused)) const Target* t
             ERROR("failed to resolve path to dependency object: %s", library);
             print_message(Warning, "failed to resolve path to dependency object: %s", dependency);            lld_delete_link_config(config);
             lld_delete_link_config(config);
+            g_free((void*) library);
             return NULL;
         }
+        g_free((void*) library);
         g_array_append_val(config->object_file_names, dependency_object);
         INFO("resolved path of target object: %s", dependency_object);
     }
@@ -102,9 +111,6 @@ BackendError lld_link_target(TargetLinkConfig* config) {
 }
 
 void lld_delete_link_config(TargetLinkConfig* config) {
-    for (guint i = 0; i < config->object_file_names->len; i++) {
+    mem_free(config->object_file_names);
-        free((void*) g_array_index(config->object_file_names, const char*, i));
-    }
-    g_array_free(config->object_file_names, TRUE);
     mem_free(config);
 }

src/llvm/llvm-ir/func.c

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ BackendError impl_func_type(LLVMBackendCompileUnit* unit,
     DEBUG("implementing function declaration: %s()", func->name);
     BackendError err = SUCCESS;
 
-    GArray* llvm_params = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(LLVMTypeRef));
+    GArray* llvm_params = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceLlvm, sizeof(LLVMTypeRef));
     GArray* func_params = NULL;
 
     if (func->kind == FunctionDeclarationKind) {
@@ -135,8 +135,6 @@ BackendError impl_func_type(LLVMBackendCompileUnit* unit,
 
     g_hash_table_insert(scope->functions, (char*) func->name, llvm_fun_type);
 
-    g_array_free(llvm_params, FALSE);
-
     return err;
 }
 

src/llvm/parser.c

@@ -90,10 +90,11 @@ BackendError emit_module_to_file(LLVMBackendCompileUnit* unit,
         ERROR("failed to emit code: %s", error);
         err =
             new_backend_impl_error(Implementation, NULL, "failed to emit code");
-        LLVMDisposeMessage(error);
+
     } else {
         print_message(Info, "Generated code was written to: %s", filename);
     }
+    LLVMDisposeMessage(error);
 
     g_free((void*) filename);
     g_free((void*) basename);
@@ -124,9 +125,9 @@ BackendError export_object(LLVMBackendCompileUnit* unit, const Target* target,
         ERROR("failed to create target machine: %s", error);
         err = new_backend_impl_error(Implementation, NULL,
                                      "unable to create target machine");
-        LLVMDisposeMessage(error);
         return err;
     }
+    LLVMDisposeMessage(error);
 
     DEBUG("Creating target machine...");
     LLVMTargetMachineRef target_machine = LLVMCreateTargetMachine(
@@ -147,6 +148,8 @@ BackendError export_object(LLVMBackendCompileUnit* unit, const Target* target,
     err = emit_module_to_file(unit, target_machine, LLVMObjectFile, error,
                               config);
 
+    LLVMDisposeTargetMachine(target_machine);
+
     return err;
 }
 
@@ -223,9 +226,9 @@ static BackendError build_module(LLVMBackendCompileUnit* unit,
     char* error = NULL;
     if (LLVMVerifyModule(unit->module, LLVMReturnStatusAction, &error)) {
         print_message(Error, "Unable to compile due to: %s", error);
-        LLVMDisposeMessage(error);
         err = new_backend_impl_error(Implementation, NULL, "LLVM backend verification error, see stdout");
     }
+    LLVMDisposeMessage(error);
 
     return err;
 }

src/main.c

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ void setup(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
     link_init();
 
+    init_toml();
+
     DEBUG("finished starting up gemstone...");
 }
 

src/mem/cache.h

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ typedef char* MemoryNamespaceName;
 #define MemoryNamespaceLex "Lexer"
 #define MemoryNamespaceLog "Logging"
 #define MemoryNamespaceOpt "Options"
+#define MemoryNamespaceTOML "TOML"
 #define MemoryNamespaceSet "SET"
 #define MemoryNamespaceLlvm "LLVM"
 #define MemoryNamespaceLld "LLD"

src/set/set.c

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include <io/files.h>
 #include <ast/ast.h>
 #include <set/types.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/log.h>
 #include <glib.h>
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ int createTypeCastFromExpression(Expression *expression, Type *resultType, Expre
 
 bool compareTypes(Type *leftType, Type *rightType);
 
-char* type_to_string(Type* type);
+char *type_to_string(Type *type);
 
 const Type ShortShortUnsingedIntType = {
         .kind = TypeKindComposite,
@@ -335,8 +334,8 @@ int createRef(AST_NODE_PTR currentNode, Type **reftype) {
     assert(currentNode->children->len == 1);
     assert(AST_get_node(currentNode, 0)->kind == AST_Type);
 
-    Type *type = malloc(sizeof(Type));
+    Type *type = mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Type));
-    Type *referenceType = malloc(sizeof(Type));
+    Type *referenceType = mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Type));
     referenceType->kind = TypeKindReference;
     referenceType->nodePtr = currentNode;
 
@@ -459,8 +458,8 @@ int createDef(AST_NODE_PTR currentNode, GArray **variables) {
     }
 
     if (!compareTypes(def.declaration.type, name->result)) {
-        char* expected_type = type_to_string(def.declaration.type);
+        char *expected_type = type_to_string(def.declaration.type);
-        char* gotten_type = type_to_string(name->result);
+        char *gotten_type = type_to_string(name->result);
 
         print_diagnostic(&name->nodePtr->location, Warning, "expected `%s` got `%s`", expected_type, gotten_type);
 
@@ -490,8 +489,8 @@ int createDef(AST_NODE_PTR currentNode, GArray **variables) {
     return status;
 }
 
-char* type_to_string(Type* type) {
+char *type_to_string(Type *type) {
-    char* string = NULL;
+    char *string = NULL;
 
     switch (type->kind) {
         case TypeKindPrimitive:
@@ -510,27 +509,32 @@ char* type_to_string(Type* type) {
 
             if (type->impl.composite.scale < 1.0) {
                 for (int i = 0; i < (int) (type->impl.composite.scale * 4); i++) {
-                    char* concat = g_strconcat("half ", string, NULL);
+                    char *concat = g_strconcat("half ", string, NULL);
-                    string = concat;
+                    string = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceSet, concat);
+                    g_free(concat);
                 }
             } else if (type->impl.composite.scale > 1.0) {
                 for (int i = 0; i < (int) type->impl.composite.scale; i++) {
-                    char* concat = g_strconcat("long ", string, NULL);
+                    char *concat = g_strconcat("long ", string, NULL);
-                    string = concat;
+                    string = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceSet, concat);
+                    g_free(concat);
                 }
             }
 
             if (type->impl.composite.sign == Unsigned) {
-                char* concat = g_strconcat("unsigned ", string, NULL);
+                char *concat = g_strconcat("unsigned ", string, NULL);
-                string = concat;
+                string = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceSet, concat);
+                g_free(concat);
             }
 
             break;
         }
         case TypeKindReference: {
-            char* type_string = type_to_string(type->impl.reference);
+            char *type_string = type_to_string(type->impl.reference);
-            char* concat = g_strconcat("ref ", type_string, NULL);
+            char *concat = g_strconcat("ref ", type_string, NULL);
-            string = concat;
+            mem_free(type_string);
+            string = mem_strdup(MemoryNamespaceSet, concat);
+            g_free(concat);
             break;
         }
         case TypeKindBox:
@@ -617,6 +621,7 @@ int fillTablesWithVars(GHashTable *variableTable, const GArray *variables) {
 }
 
 [[nodiscard("type must be freed")]]
+
 TypeValue createTypeValue(AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
     DEBUG("create TypeValue");
     TypeValue value;
@@ -731,7 +736,7 @@ int createArithOperation(Expression *ParentExpression, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode,
     DEBUG("create arithmetic operation");
     ParentExpression->impl.operation.kind = Arithmetic;
     ParentExpression->impl.operation.nodePtr = currentNode;
-    ParentExpression->impl.operation.operands = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(Expression *));
+    ParentExpression->impl.operation.operands = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Expression *));
 
     assert(expectedChildCount == currentNode->children->len);
 
@@ -809,7 +814,7 @@ int createRelationalOperation(Expression *ParentExpression, AST_NODE_PTR current
     // fill kind and Nodeptr
     ParentExpression->impl.operation.kind = Relational;
     ParentExpression->impl.operation.nodePtr = currentNode;
-    ParentExpression->impl.operation.operands = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(Expression *));
+    ParentExpression->impl.operation.operands = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Expression *));
 
     // fill Operands
     for (size_t i = 0; i < currentNode->children->len; i++) {
@@ -868,7 +873,7 @@ int createBoolOperation(Expression *ParentExpression, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode)
     // fill kind and Nodeptr
     ParentExpression->impl.operation.kind = Boolean;
     ParentExpression->impl.operation.nodePtr = currentNode;
-    ParentExpression->impl.operation.operands = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(Expression *));
+    ParentExpression->impl.operation.operands = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Expression *));
 
     // fill Operands
     for (size_t i = 0; i < currentNode->children->len; i++) {
@@ -952,7 +957,7 @@ int createBoolNotOperation(Expression *ParentExpression, AST_NODE_PTR currentNod
     //fill kind and Nodeptr
     ParentExpression->impl.operation.kind = Boolean;
     ParentExpression->impl.operation.nodePtr = currentNode;
-    ParentExpression->impl.operation.operands = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(Expression *));
+    ParentExpression->impl.operation.operands = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Expression *));
 
     //fill Operand
     Expression *expression = createExpression(AST_get_node(currentNode, 0));
@@ -1020,7 +1025,7 @@ int createBitOperation(Expression *ParentExpression, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
     // fill kind and Nodeptr
     ParentExpression->impl.operation.kind = Boolean;
     ParentExpression->impl.operation.nodePtr = currentNode;
-    ParentExpression->impl.operation.operands = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(Expression *));
+    ParentExpression->impl.operation.operands = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Expression *));
 
     // fill Operands
     for (size_t i = 0; i < currentNode->children->len; i++) {
@@ -1157,7 +1162,7 @@ int createBitNotOperation(Expression *ParentExpression, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode
     //fill kind and Nodeptr
     ParentExpression->impl.operation.kind = Bitwise;
     ParentExpression->impl.operation.nodePtr = currentNode;
-    ParentExpression->impl.operation.operands = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(Expression *));
+    ParentExpression->impl.operation.operands = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Expression *));
 
     //fill Operand
     Expression *expression = createExpression(AST_get_node(currentNode, 0));
@@ -1430,7 +1435,7 @@ int createAddressOf(Expression *ParentExpression, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
         return SEMANTIC_ERROR;
     }
 
-    Type *resultType = malloc(sizeof(Type));
+    Type *resultType = mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Type));
     resultType->nodePtr = currentNode;
     resultType->kind = TypeKindReference;
     resultType->impl.reference = address_of.variable->result;
@@ -1440,7 +1445,7 @@ int createAddressOf(Expression *ParentExpression, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
     return SEMANTIC_OK;
 }
 
-IO_Qualifier getParameterQualifier(Parameter* parameter) {
+IO_Qualifier getParameterQualifier(Parameter *parameter) {
     if (parameter->kind == ParameterDeclarationKind) {
         return parameter->impl.declaration.qualifier;
     } else {
@@ -1479,7 +1484,8 @@ Expression *createExpression(AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
                 }
 
                 if (getParameterQualifier(expression->impl.parameter) == Out) {
-                    print_diagnostic(&currentNode->location, Error, "Parameter is write-only: `%s`", currentNode->value);
+                    print_diagnostic(&currentNode->location, Error, "Parameter is write-only: `%s`",
+                                     currentNode->value);
                     return NULL;
                 }
 
@@ -1625,7 +1631,7 @@ bool compareTypes(Type *leftType, Type *rightType) {
     return FALSE;
 }
 
-Type* getVariableType(Variable* variable) {
+Type *getVariableType(Variable *variable) {
     if (variable->kind == VariableKindDeclaration) {
         return variable->impl.declaration.type;
     } else {
@@ -1633,7 +1639,7 @@ Type* getVariableType(Variable* variable) {
     }
 }
 
-Type* getParameterType(Parameter* parameter) {
+Type *getParameterType(Parameter *parameter) {
     if (parameter->kind == ParameterDeclarationKind) {
         return parameter->impl.declaration.type;
     } else {
@@ -1641,7 +1647,7 @@ Type* getParameterType(Parameter* parameter) {
     }
 }
 
-int createStorageExpr(StorageExpr* expr, AST_NODE_PTR node) {
+int createStorageExpr(StorageExpr *expr, AST_NODE_PTR node) {
     switch (node->kind) {
         case AST_Ident:
             expr->kind = StorageExprKindVariable;
@@ -1669,7 +1675,7 @@ int createStorageExpr(StorageExpr* expr, AST_NODE_PTR node) {
 
             expr->impl.dereference.index = createExpression(index_node);
             expr->impl.dereference.array = mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(StorageExpr));
-            if (createStorageExpr(expr->impl.dereference.array, array_node) == SEMANTIC_ERROR){
+            if (createStorageExpr(expr->impl.dereference.array, array_node) == SEMANTIC_ERROR) {
                 return SEMANTIC_ERROR;
             }
 
@@ -1704,7 +1710,8 @@ int createAssign(Statement *ParentStatement, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
 
     if (strg_expr->kind == AST_Parameter) {
         if (getParameterQualifier(assign.destination->impl.parameter) == In) {
-            print_diagnostic(&currentNode->location, Error, "Parameter is read-only: `%s`", assign.destination->impl.parameter->name);
+            print_diagnostic(&currentNode->location, Error, "Parameter is read-only: `%s`",
+                             assign.destination->impl.parameter->name);
             return SEMANTIC_ERROR;
         }
     }
@@ -1730,8 +1737,8 @@ int createStatement(Block *block, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode);
 int fillBlock(Block *block, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
     DEBUG("start filling Block");
     block->nodePtr = currentNode;
-    block->statemnts = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(Statement *));
+    block->statemnts = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Statement *));
-    GHashTable *lowerScope = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+    GHashTable *lowerScope = mem_new_g_hash_table(MemoryNamespaceSet, g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
     g_array_append_val(Scope, lowerScope);
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < currentNode->children->len; i++) {
@@ -1742,7 +1749,7 @@ int fillBlock(Block *block, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
         }
     }
 
-    g_hash_table_destroy(lowerScope);
+    mem_free(lowerScope);
     g_array_remove_index(Scope, Scope->len - 1);
 
     DEBUG("created Block successfully");
@@ -1921,7 +1928,7 @@ int createfuncall(Statement *parentStatement, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < argsListNode->children->len; i++) {
         AST_NODE_PTR currentExprList = AST_get_node(argsListNode, i);
 
-        for (int j = ((int) currentExprList->children->len)  -1; j >= 0; j--) {
+        for (int j = ((int) currentExprList->children->len) - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
             AST_NODE_PTR expr_node = AST_get_node(currentExprList, j);
             Expression *expr = createExpression(expr_node);
             if (expr == NULL) {
@@ -1943,7 +1950,7 @@ int createStatement(Block *Parentblock, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
 
     switch (currentNode->kind) {
         case AST_Decl: {
-            GArray *variable = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(Variable *));
+            GArray *variable = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Variable *));
 
             int status = createDecl(currentNode, &variable);
             if (status) {
@@ -1962,7 +1969,7 @@ int createStatement(Block *Parentblock, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
             break;
 
         case AST_Def: {
-            GArray *variable = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(Variable *));
+            GArray *variable = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Variable *));
 
             if (createDef(currentNode, &variable)) {
                 return SEMANTIC_ERROR;
@@ -2057,7 +2064,7 @@ int createParam(GArray *Paramlist, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
     if (set_get_type_impl(AST_get_node(paramdecl, 0), &(decl.type))) {
         return SEMANTIC_ERROR;
     }
-    Parameter* param = mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Parameter));
+    Parameter *param = mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Parameter));
     param->nodePtr = currentNode;
     param->kind = ParameterDeclarationKind;
     param->impl.declaration = decl;
@@ -2067,7 +2074,8 @@ int createParam(GArray *Paramlist, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
     g_array_append_val(Paramlist, *param);
 
     if (g_hash_table_contains(functionParameter, param->name)) {
-        print_diagnostic(&param->nodePtr->location, Error, "Names of function parameters must be unique: %s", param->name);
+        print_diagnostic(&param->nodePtr->location, Error, "Names of function parameters must be unique: %s",
+                         param->name);
         return SEMANTIC_ERROR;
     }
     g_hash_table_insert(functionParameter, (gpointer) param->name, param);
@@ -2087,7 +2095,7 @@ int createFunDef(Function *Parentfunction, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
     fundef.nodePtr = currentNode;
     fundef.name = nameNode->value;
     fundef.body = mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Block));
-    fundef.parameter = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(Parameter));
+    fundef.parameter = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Parameter));
 
     DEBUG("paramlistlist child count: %i", paramlistlist->children->len);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < paramlistlist->children->len; i++) {
@@ -2150,7 +2158,8 @@ bool compareParameter(GArray *leftParameter, GArray *rightParameter) {
 int addFunction(const char *name, Function *function) {
     if (function->kind == FunctionDefinitionKind) {
         if (g_hash_table_contains(definedFunctions, name)) {
-            print_diagnostic(&function->nodePtr->location, Error, "Multiple definition of function: `%s`", function->name);
+            print_diagnostic(&function->nodePtr->location, Error, "Multiple definition of function: `%s`",
+                             function->name);
             return SEMANTIC_ERROR;
         }
         g_hash_table_insert(declaredFunctions, (gpointer) name, function);
@@ -2161,7 +2170,8 @@ int addFunction(const char *name, Function *function) {
                                            function->impl.declaration.parameter);
             // a function can have multiple declartations but all have to be identical
             if (result == FALSE) {
-                print_diagnostic(&function->nodePtr->location, Error, "Divergent declaration of function: `%s`", function->name);
+                print_diagnostic(&function->nodePtr->location, Error, "Divergent declaration of function: `%s`",
+                                 function->name);
                 return SEMANTIC_ERROR;
             }
         }
@@ -2219,7 +2229,7 @@ int createFunDecl(Function *Parentfunction, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
 
 int createFunction(Function *function, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
     assert(currentNode->kind == AST_Fun);
-    functionParameter = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+    functionParameter = mem_new_g_hash_table(MemoryNamespaceSet, g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
 
     if (currentNode->children->len == 2) {
         int signal = createFunDecl(function, currentNode);
@@ -2235,7 +2245,7 @@ int createFunction(Function *function, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
         PANIC("function should have 2 or 3 children");
     }
 
-    g_hash_table_destroy(functionParameter);
+    mem_free(functionParameter);
     functionParameter = NULL;
 
     int result = addFunction(function->name, function);
@@ -2403,27 +2413,27 @@ int createTypeDef(GHashTable *types, AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
 Module *create_set(AST_NODE_PTR currentNode) {
     DEBUG("create root Module");
     //create tables for types 
-    declaredComposites = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+    declaredComposites = mem_new_g_hash_table(MemoryNamespaceSet, g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
-    declaredBoxes = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+    declaredBoxes = mem_new_g_hash_table(MemoryNamespaceSet, g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
-    declaredFunctions = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+    declaredFunctions = mem_new_g_hash_table(MemoryNamespaceSet, g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
-    definedFunctions = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+    definedFunctions = mem_new_g_hash_table(MemoryNamespaceSet, g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
 
     //create scope
-    Scope = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(GHashTable *));
+    Scope = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(GHashTable *));
 
     //building current scope for module
-    GHashTable *globalscope = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+    GHashTable *globalscope = mem_new_g_hash_table(MemoryNamespaceSet, g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
-    globalscope = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+    globalscope = mem_new_g_hash_table(MemoryNamespaceSet, g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
     g_array_append_val(Scope, globalscope);
 
     Module *rootModule = mem_alloc(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(Module));
 
-    GHashTable *boxes = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+    GHashTable *boxes = mem_new_g_hash_table(MemoryNamespaceSet, g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
-    GHashTable *types = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+    GHashTable *types = mem_new_g_hash_table(MemoryNamespaceSet, g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
-    GHashTable *functions = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+    GHashTable *functions = mem_new_g_hash_table(MemoryNamespaceSet, g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
-    GHashTable *variables = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
+    GHashTable *variables = mem_new_g_hash_table(MemoryNamespaceSet, g_str_hash, g_str_equal);
-    GArray *imports = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(const char *));
+    GArray *imports = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(const char *));
-    GArray *includes = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(const char *));
+    GArray *includes = mem_new_g_array(MemoryNamespaceSet, sizeof(const char *));
 
     rootModule->boxes = boxes;
     rootModule->types = types;

tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -13,3 +13,5 @@ add_subdirectory(glib)
 add_subdirectory(llvm)
 add_subdirectory(project)
 add_subdirectory(cache)
+add_subdirectory(hello_world)
+add_subdirectory(driver)

tests/driver/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+include(CTest)
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------- #
+# CTEST 1
+# test compilation and execution with GCC driver
+
+add_test(NAME driver_gcc
+        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${GEMSTONE_TEST_DIR}/driver/gcc
+        COMMAND python ${GEMSTONE_TEST_DIR}/driver/gcc/test_driver_gcc.py)
+
+add_test(NAME driver_clang
+        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${GEMSTONE_TEST_DIR}/driver/clang
+        COMMAND python ${GEMSTONE_TEST_DIR}/driver/clang/test_driver_clang.py)

tests/driver/clang/build.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[project]
+name = "driver compilation test"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "Print a string to stdout"
+license = "GPL-2.0"
+authors = [ "Sven Vogel <sven.vogel123@web.de>" ]
+
+[target.release]
+link-paths = [ "../../../bin/std" ]
+import-paths = [ "../../../lib/src" ]
+driver = "clang"
+root = "main.gsc"
+mode = "application"
+output = "bin"
+archive = "archive"
+print_ast = false
+print_asm = false
+print_ir = false
+opt = 3

tests/driver/clang/main.gsc

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+import "std"
+
+fun cstrlen(in cstr: str)(out u32: len) {
+    u32: idx = 0 as u32
+
+    while !(str[idx] == 0) {
+        idx = idx + 1
+    }
+
+    len = idx
+}
+
+fun printcstr(in cstr: msg) {
+    u32: len = 0
+    cstrlen(msg)(len)
+
+    handle: stdout = 0
+    getStdoutHandle()(stdout)
+
+    u32: written = 0
+    writeBytes(stdout, msg, len)(written)
+}
+
+fun main() {
+    cstr: msg = "Hello, world!\n"
+    printcstr(msg)
+}

tests/driver/clang/test_driver_clang.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import os.path
+import subprocess
+import logging
+from logging import info
+
+
+def check_clang():
+    info("testing Clang driver...")
+
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+
+    p = subprocess.run(["../../../bin/check/gsc", "build", "release", "--verbose", "--driver=clang"], capture_output=True, text=True)
+
+    print(p.stdout)
+
+    assert p.returncode == 0
+
+    p = subprocess.run(["bin/release.out"], capture_output=True, text=True)
+
+    print(p.stdout)
+
+    assert "Hello, world!" in p.stdout
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+    info("check if binary exists...")
+    assert os.path.exists("../../../bin/check/gsc")
+
+    check_clang()

tests/driver/gcc/build.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[project]
+name = "driver compilation test"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "Print a string to stdout"
+license = "GPL-2.0"
+authors = [ "Sven Vogel <sven.vogel123@web.de>" ]
+
+[target.release]
+link-paths = [ "../../../bin/std" ]
+import-paths = [ "../../../lib/src" ]
+driver = "gcc"
+root = "main.gsc"
+mode = "application"
+output = "bin"
+archive = "archive"
+print_ast = false
+print_asm = false
+print_ir = false
+opt = 3

tests/driver/gcc/main.gsc

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+import "std"
+
+fun cstrlen(in cstr: str)(out u32: len) {
+    u32: idx = 0 as u32
+
+    while !(str[idx] == 0) {
+        idx = idx + 1
+    }
+
+    len = idx
+}
+
+fun printcstr(in cstr: msg) {
+    u32: len = 0
+    cstrlen(msg)(len)
+
+    handle: stdout = 0
+    getStdoutHandle()(stdout)
+
+    u32: written = 0
+    writeBytes(stdout, msg, len)(written)
+}
+
+fun main() {
+    cstr: msg = "Hello, world!\n"
+    printcstr(msg)
+}

tests/driver/gcc/test_driver_gcc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import os.path
+import subprocess
+import logging
+from logging import info
+
+
+def check_gcc():
+    info("testing GCC driver...")
+
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+
+    p = subprocess.run(["../../../bin/check/gsc", "build", "release", "--verbose", "--driver=gcc"], capture_output=True, text=True)
+
+    print(p.stdout)
+
+    assert p.returncode == 0
+
+    p = subprocess.run(["bin/release.out"], capture_output=True, text=True)
+
+    print(p.stdout)
+
+    assert "Hello, world!" in p.stdout
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+    info("check if binary exists...")
+    assert os.path.exists("../../../bin/check/gsc")
+
+    check_gcc()

tests/hello_world/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+include(CTest)
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------- #
+# CTEST 1
+# test a simple project
+
+add_test(NAME hello_world
+        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${GEMSTONE_TEST_DIR}/hello_world
+        COMMAND python ${GEMSTONE_TEST_DIR}/hello_world/test_hello_world.py)

tests/hello_world/build.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[project]
+name = "print C string test"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "Print a string to stdout"
+license = "GPL-2.0"
+authors = [ "Sven Vogel <sven.vogel123@web.de>" ]
+
+[target.release]
+link-paths = [ "../../bin/std" ]
+import-paths = [ "../../lib/src" ]
+driver = "gcc"
+root = "main.gsc"
+mode = "application"
+output = "bin"
+archive = "archive"
+print_ast = false
+print_asm = false
+print_ir = false
+opt = 3

tests/hello_world/main.gsc

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+import "std"
+
+fun cstrlen(in cstr: str)(out u32: len) {
+    u32: idx = 0 as u32
+
+    while !(str[idx] == 0) {
+        idx = idx + 1
+    }
+
+    len = idx
+}
+
+fun printcstr(in cstr: msg) {
+    u32: len = 0
+    cstrlen(msg)(len)
+
+    handle: stdout = 0
+    getStdoutHandle()(stdout)
+
+    u32: written = 0
+    writeBytes(stdout, msg, len)(written)
+}
+
+fun main() {
+    cstr: msg = "Hello, world!\n"
+    printcstr(msg)
+}

tests/hello_world/test_hello_world.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import os.path
+import subprocess
+import logging
+from logging import info
+
+
+def check_build_and_run():
+    info("testing compilation of hello world...")
+
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+
+    p = subprocess.run(["../../bin/check/gsc", "build", "release", "--verbose"], capture_output=True, text=True)
+
+    print(p.stdout)
+
+    assert p.returncode == 0
+
+    p = subprocess.run(["bin/release.out"], capture_output=True, text=True)
+
+    print(p.stdout)
+
+    assert "Hello, world!" in p.stdout
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+    info("check if binary exists...")
+    assert os.path.exists("../../bin/check/gsc")
+
+    check_build_and_run()

tests/input_file/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ include(CTest)
 
 add_test(NAME input_file_check
         WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin/check
-        COMMAND python ${GEMSTONE_TEST_DIR}/input_file/test_input_file.py ${GEMSTONE_TEST_DIR}/input_file/test.gem)
+        COMMAND python ${GEMSTONE_TEST_DIR}/input_file/test_input_file.py ${GEMSTONE_TEST_DIR}/input_file/test.gsc)